Add .gitignore file to exclude common Python artifacts and environment files

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# --- Python (Bytecode y cache) ---
+__pycache__/
+*.py[cod]
+*$py.class
+poetry.lock
+# --- Distribución y Build ---
+dist/
+build/
+*.egg-info/
+.eggs/
+
+# --- Entornos Virtuales (Poetry suele crear .venv) ---
+.venv/
+venv/
+env/
+ENV/
+
+# --- Testing y Coverage ---
+.coverage
+.coverage.*
+htmlcov/
+.pytest_cache/
+coverage.xml
+
+# --- Herramientas de Calidad (Ruff, Mypy) ---
+.ruff_cache/
+.mypy_cache/
+.dmypy.json
+
+# --- Variables de Entorno (¡Seguridad!) ---
+.env
+
+# --- IDEs y Editores ---
+.vscode/
+.idea/
+*.swp
+*.swo
+
+# --- Sistema Operativo ---
+.DS_Store
+Thumbs.db
+
+# --- Logs ---
+*.log